- A Centuries-Old Practice, A Deadly Tradition
FGM and Religion: A False Connection -- FGM, or female circumcision as it is also - but incorrectly - known, is practiced by Muslims, Christians, animists, and nonbelievers in a range of communities, often under the mistaken belief that it is a religious dictate. - U.S. Fund for UNICEF 1998
http://www.unicefusa.org/issues99/jan99/feature3.html
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Details - Female Circumcision Issues Page
The World Health Organization had a conference in February 1979 in Khartoum, Sudan, and unanimously condemned the mutilations as disastrous to womens health and as indefensible on medical as well as humane grounds. In the United States, Rep. Pat Schroeder has written a bill to prohibit female genital mutilation (FGM), H.R. 3247.
http://www.eskimo.com/~gburlin/female.html
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Details - Female Genital Mutilation: Strategies For Eradication
by Fran P. Hosken - Female genital mutilation - the descriptive term for the different types of operations are "excision" and "infibulation" - continues to be practiced in large regions of Africa, from the Red Sea Coast to the shores of the Atlantic. In Indonesia and Malaysia, less drastic forms of "female circumcision" are practiced by some of the Moslem populations of this region and sporadic occurrences have been registered among other mainly Moslem groups.
http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/first/hosken.html
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Details - Irin News: Boost for Anti-FGM Effort
United Nations humanitarian report from Kenya explains how a series of seminars resulted in the resignation two hundred practitioners of female genital mutilation. Includes outline of the cultural aspects.
http://www.oneworld.net/external/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2Freport.asp%3FReportID%3D39965%26SelectRegion%3DEast_Africa%26SelectCountry%3DKENYA
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Details - Mutilated Humanity
by Ashley Montagu - The story of bodily mutilations would occupy a large volume in the story of humankind, and few would be more strange and interesting than those relating to male and female circumcision.
http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/second/montagu.html
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Details - NPR : Asylum & Genital Mutilation
A Nigerian woman is fighting deportation, saying she needs to stay because of her 10-year-old daughter, who is an American citizen. The mother has overstayed her visa by more than a decade. She says she can't leave her daughter in the US, but she says in Nigeria, the girl would be subject to a painful procedure known as female genital mutilation. NPR's Barbara Bradley reports. [4:47 minute Realaudio segment]
http://discover.npr.org/features/feature.jhtml?wfId=1034891
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Details - NPR : Atlanta Female Circumcision Case Stirs Concern
The arrest of an Ethiopian citizen in Atlanta, Ga., raises concerns that female circumcision -- a form of genital mutilation common in some African nations -- is being performed on young women in the United States. NPR's Ari Shapiro reports. 5.5 minutes radio segment via Realplayer.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1763682
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Details - NPR : Nigerian Woman Challenges Mutilation Ritual
NPR's Libby Lewis reports on a Nigerian woman who is trying to have the practice of female genital mutilation accepted as a violation of the anti-torture convention, which the United States has signed. The woman lives in Dallas, but is here illegally and fighting deportation. The woman's claim is that she and her 3-year-old daughter, who is a U.S. citizen, would likely be subjected to the mutilation ritual which is practiced in some African cultures. If her argument is accepted, it could open the United States to many African women who otherwise could not move here. [4.5 minute Realaudio segment]
http://discover.npr.org/features/feature.jhtml?wfId=909044
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Details - Welcome to Womanhood
A video about female circumcision and the effort to stop the practice. - 14 minutes, Grades 10-Adult, Directed by Charlotte Metcalf, Produced by TVE and BBC, 1998, VHS ISBN: 1-56029-755-7
http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/wtw.html
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